Volume 38: Issue 6

Traumatic injuries causing the eventual development of hypovolemic shock are common in small animals, particularly dogs. Adequate fluid therapy to reverse hypovolemia and to maintain perfusion to vital organs is essential for successful case management. It is important for the veterinary clinician to be familiar with all of the available options for fluid resuscitation.

Injuries can be classified as either blunt or penetrating. Common blunt force injuries include hit-by-car (HBC) or kicks, while penetrating injuries include bite wounds or gunshot injuries. Knowledge of the mechanism of injury is helpful in predicting the extent of the injuries and determining the type

Thiopental, propofol, and diazepam-ketamine were compared for evaluation of laryngeal function in dogs. There was no significant difference among the three protocols in time to observation of normal function after drug administration or in the occurrence of swallowing, laryngospasm, or breathing. Jaw tone was significantly greater with diazepam-ketamine. Exposure of the larynx was excellent in five dogs and moderate in three dogs, each receiving thiopental or propofol. Exposure was excellent in one dog, moderate in six dogs, and poor in one dog receiving diazepam-ketamine. Exposure of the larynx for laryngeal function evaluation is more readily accomplished with thiopental or propofol than with diazepam-ketamine.

In this prospective, randomized, blinded study, 68 clinically healthy cats that had onychectomy (n=20), onychectomy and castration (n=20), or onychectomy and ovariohysterectomy (n=28) were randomly assigned to one of four postoperative analgesic treatment groups: buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly [IM]), oxymorphone hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg body weight, IM), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg body weight, IM), and placebo (physiological saline). Sedation scores, visual analog pain scores, cumulative pain scores, serum cortisol concentration, and appetite were used to assess postoperative analgesic effect. Buprenorphine demonstrated the highest efficacy with the lowest cumulative pain scores and serum cortisol levels.

This study was designed to quantify the effects of incremental positive insufflation of the intrathoracic space on cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), arterial pressure (AP), central venous pressure (CVP), and percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SPO₂) in anesthetized dogs. Seven healthy, adult dogs from terminal teaching laboratories were maintained under anesthesia with isoflurane delivered with a mechanical ventilator. The experimental variables were recorded before introduction of an intrathoracic catheter, at intrathoracic pressures (IP) of 0 mm Hg, 3 mm Hg insufflation, and additional increments of 1 mm Hg insufflation thereafter until the SPO₂ remained <85% despite increases in minute volume. Finally the variables were measured again at 0 mm Hg IP. The cardiac output and systolic and diastolic AP significantly (P<0.05) decreased at 3 mm Hg IP. Significant decreases in SPO₂ were seen at 10 mm Hg IP. Significant increase in CVP was noted at 6 mm Hg IP. Heart rate decreased significantly at 5 to 6 mm Hg IP but was not decreased above 6 mm Hg IP. Given the degree of CO decrease at low intrathoracic pressures, insufflation-aided thoracoscopy should be used with caution and at the lowest possible insufflation pressure. Standard anesthetic monitoring variables such as HR and AP measurements may not accurately reflect the animal’s cardiovascular status.

Severe Neurological Signs and Hypernatremia Secondary to Polyethylene Glycol Paintball Ingestion in a Dog

Bruce GravesDVM,

Jessica KielbDVM, DACVECC, and

Nolan ChalifouxDVM, MSTR, DACVECC

Choosing Fluids in Traumatic Hypovolemic Shock:The Role of Crystalloids, Colloids, and Hypertonic Saline

A Comparison of Thiopental, Propofol, and Diazepam-Ketamine Anesthesia for Evaluation of Laryngeal Function in Dogs Premedicated With Butorphanol-Glycopyrrolate

Comparison of the Effects of Buprenorphine, Oxymorphone Hydrochloride, and Ketoprofen for Postoperative Analgesia After Onychectomy or Onychectomy and Sterilization in Cats

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Intrathoracic Insufflation in Dogs

Indirect Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement in Nonsedated Irish Wolfhounds: Reference Values for the Breed

Temporary Tube Cystostomy as a Treatment for Urinary Obstruction Secondary to Adrenal Disease in Four Ferrets

Cervical Expanding Hematomas in Dogs: Five Cases

Detection of Occult Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs With Diabetes Mellitus

Cutaneopulmonary Fistula in a Dog Caused by Migration of a Toothpick

Congenital Factor XI Deficiency in a Domestic Shorthair Cat

Association of Cauda Equina Compression on Magnetic Resonance Images and Clinical Signs in Dogs With Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis

External Hydrocephalus in a Dog With Suspected Bacterial Meningoencephalitis

Closure of Median Sternotomy in Dogs: Suture Versus Wire

Table of Contents

Severe Neurological Signs and Hypernatremia Secondary to Polyethylene Glycol Paintball Ingestion in a Dog

The Effect of Time of Antimicrobial Administration on the Outcome of Septic Dogs

Hyperechoic Retroperitoneal Fat in a Cat with Systemic Coagulopathy

Myocarditis in a Dog Positive for Brucella canis

A Retrospective Study on Boar-Induced Trauma in 42 Dogs

Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs: A Review

Vascular Encephalopathy Associated With Bacterial Endocarditis in Four Dogs

The Use of Carbon Dioxide Laser for the Ablation of Meibomian Gland Adenomas in Dogs

Outcomes of Dogs Presented for Cataract Evaluation: A Retrospective Study

Nutritional Myths